5 Monkeys and a Cage

As a Psychologist I have studied human behavior. While I am not a veterinarian, I can make several applications and lessons learned from the following story about monkeys, especially as it applies to life and business. Can you?

Start with a cage containing five monkeys. Inside the cage, you'll see a banana hanging on a string with a set of stairs placed under it. Before long, a monkey will go to the stairs and start to climb towards the banana. As soon as he touches the stairs, all of the other monkeys are sprayed with cold water.

After a while, another monkey makes an attempt to obtain the banana.  As soon as his foot touches the stairs, all of the other monkeys are sprayed with cold water. It's not long before all of the other monkeys try to prevent any monkey from climbing the stairs.

Now, put away the cold water, remove one monkey from the cage and replace it with a new one. The new monkey sees the banana and wants to climb the stairs. To his surprise and horror, all of the other monkeys attack him as he makes his way toward the stairs.  After another attempt and attack, he knows that if he tries to climb the stairs, he will be assaulted.

Next, remove another of the original five monkeys and replace it with a new one. The newcomer goes to the stairs and is attacked. The previous newcomer takes part in the punishment with enthusiasm! Likewise, replace a third original monkey with a new one, then a fourth, then the fifth. Every time the newest monkey takes to the stairs, he is attacked.

Most of the monkeys that are beating him have no idea why they were not permitted to climb the stairs or why they are participating in the beating of the newest monkey.

After replacing all the original monkeys, none of the remaining monkeys have ever been sprayed with cold water. Nevertheless, no monkey ever again approaches the stairs to try for the banana.

Why not?  

36 comments (Add your own)

1. Paul Crisalli wrote:
Because by now the banana is rotten and nobody, not even a monkey, wants it.

Tue, February 5, 2008 @ 12:44 PM

2. Chris Burchard wrote:
Because as far as they know that is the way it has always been.......and that is why you should add a 6th and make it a gorilla, I am sure he will get the banana and change the future.

Tue, February 5, 2008 @ 2:19 PM

3. Mark Najam wrote:
Because it is learned behaviour. Much like racism. Having said that I am sure that sooner or later one of the monkeys will declare the banana a weapon of mass destruction and declare war on all the other monkeys. In the process everyone of the monkeys will in fact try to attain that weapon of mass destruction and hence try to climb the stairs..and we will be back to square one. Either that or we will vote the monkey that declared the banana to be a WMD in as president ... and to think that it all started over a banana.. who knew?

Thu, June 12, 2008 @ 4:07 PM

4. Adriano wrote:
I recognize the results, but what about the scientific source of this experiment (the 5 monkeys)? You did not mentioned that... Nowadays it sounds like a fallacy, because many people talk about that, but nobody knows the truth regarding the source...

Tue, July 15, 2008 @ 9:23 AM

5. Gerome wrote:
Could you please let me know where this information came from?
Was it a test in a university or lab? If so which? I'm a Falun Gong practitioner. It's a spiritual practice which follows Truthfulness Compassion Forbearence.
Since 1999, the Chinese Communist Party outlawed and have tortured and killed many practitioners for their peaceful spiritual beliefs. Christians, Tibetans, Muslims, human rights lawyers, curious reporters, etc... have gone through similar persecutions.

Having looked at how the Chinese Communist Party singles out a group and turns everyone against the targeted group, (this has gone through many times since the beginning of the C.C.P.'s rule about 60 years ago) this monkey experiment really looks like how they control the Chinese people with fear. 

I am concerned for the safety of millions of people whose only "crime" is to meditate peacefully and be good people. I would appreciate knowing the origin of this experiment.

Thanking you in advance for your collaboration,

Gerome Audet

Sat, August 30, 2008 @ 10:12 AM

6. Milan wrote:
Nice quote. No source. Is it real or legend?

Makes sense in bureaucratic settings (and other ones too).

Milan (University of Victoria professor)

Sat, October 11, 2008 @ 11:46 AM

7. Arash wrote:
Why there is no source! I think it is just a rumor!

I have searched for this experiment, but I have not found any source!

If you have please send me to my email.

Thanks

Thu, March 12, 2009 @ 6:38 AM

8. dan wrote:
because that's the way it's always been.

Thu, April 16, 2009 @ 12:38 AM

9. Richard wrote:
I agree with Arash it's an urban myth: If it were true then monkeys would not have survived. The link to this myth and Company policy is also fallacious for the same reason. Very few people actually adhere to company policy, the company just thinks they do.

Wed, May 13, 2009 @ 3:49 PM

10. Mimi wrote:
It may be an urban myth but I don't see how even if it is true how it would impact the survival of monkeys. Sometimes it's a good idea not to do what nobody else is doing....there may be a good reason for why nobody is eating a particular fruit...maybe it's poison. Going against consensus isn't always the best policy. It might be but there is no formula to decide.

Sat, June 27, 2009 @ 7:38 PM

11. Brennan wrote:
Can I be sent the source too? People are throwing this experiment around and never is the author or the experiment named.

Fri, July 3, 2009 @ 2:03 AM

12. C George wrote:
Hmmmm, Bananas

Wed, August 12, 2009 @ 6:54 PM

13. wrote:
because whats actually good can be shown to any monkey(?) as bad(or anything else for that matter) by simple mentalism.... this way, monkey or no monkey will not be aiming for the goods anymore, leaving the bananaS for the clever monkey outside of the cage

Wed, October 7, 2009 @ 4:49 AM

14. wrote:
Well I am the monkey who watches all these monkeys inside and out, so, there is out there, a monkey, who is watching everything in shame.

Wed, October 7, 2009 @ 4:52 AM

15. sachy wrote:
I've seen somewhere else another longer version of this story and it contains five parts of which this post is the first one... Though it reveals a lot human nature through the monkey behaviour, I believe it is just a story, or a teaching aid. I never thought several monkeys would beat another individual monkey together.

Wed, November 25, 2009 @ 4:31 AM

16. Thomas wrote:
I'm interested in the source for this theory, been searching for it a while...

Thu, March 18, 2010 @ 1:07 PM

17. Your Mom wrote:
after a while wouldn't they just start beating up every single new monkey that comes into the cage because for all they know the rule is to beat up the new guy. monkey-see monkey-do.

Tue, March 23, 2010 @ 9:37 AM

18. abu wrote:
Customs and traditions

Wed, April 21, 2010 @ 2:34 PM

19. Street Saint wrote:
No source is every cited for this because there is none to cite. The 5 monkeys experiment was never actually performed.

http://blog.stsaint.com/philosophy/?p=1491/

The story is still thought provoking and interesting, just not verifiable.

Wed, May 12, 2010 @ 9:47 AM

20. Steve wrote:
This was told to me many years ago as an example of how office procedures keep being followed even though no one knows why it is done that way and why no one wants to change it!

Those of you who work in a office surly must know what I mean!

Thu, July 15, 2010 @ 3:56 PM

21. Able Engineer wrote:
What were the monkey's names?

Fri, July 16, 2010 @ 1:47 AM

22. Stu Stewart wrote:
Are you people serious? There was no experiment. It just an example!

Thu, July 22, 2010 @ 1:58 PM

23. Phil wrote:
Damn people, I guess none of you have been in the military. There is an experiment it's call Marine Corp boot camp.

Thu, August 12, 2010 @ 9:12 AM

24. GoofyFitnessDad wrote:
Great story! One of my professors in my MBA program for graduate school shared this story with us, and his point was "that's the way it's always been done", and that you should challenge generally accepted methodologies. I've included this story in my podcast, which is referenced in my website at www.goofyfitnessdad.com, and hopefully the story will survive!

Tue, August 17, 2010 @ 11:45 AM

25. Denny wrote:
I'm thinking some of you people don't have enough to do!

Mon, September 13, 2010 @ 5:31 PM

26. chaplain Louis. wrote:
this story can be understood as a parable of about the church following its rituals and tradicions for the simple rule that this is how is always been, and the people following the church and it's traditions withouth knowing God.

Sat, December 18, 2010 @ 1:06 AM

27. wrote:
I like banana

Fri, March 11, 2011 @ 4:10 AM

28. Manoj wrote:
This is similar to most of New Immigrants who lands in Canada with lots of dreams. The so called "Canadian Experience" is not there. Most of them are forced to do labour jobs for their own survival and very very slowly they find office jobs and even after they become the Hiring Managers they will never hire a new immigrant and new immigrants were forced to undergo the same hardships which they too have undergone. This shows this hypothetical experiment can be practically related to this situation in Canada.

Fri, March 11, 2011 @ 9:22 AM

29. kikki wrote:
Anyone knows this is how congress operates! Ya'll have NO sense of humor although the Marine bootcamp comment was funny!

Tue, March 29, 2011 @ 9:16 PM

30. Former Marine Corporal wrote:
Yeah I had a commander who told me this story to explain why the Marine Corps had so many rules and regulations that had no specific reasoning behind them. And he ended it with "Because that's the way its always been." And that's the story of Marine Corps customs and traditions.

Thu, April 7, 2011 @ 7:56 PM

31. Just another monkey wrote:
rest in pieces

Thu, April 28, 2011 @ 6:46 PM

32. Errol Good wrote:
They are fighting because there is nothing left to do. The bananas were devoured in the very first instance.

Monkeys do not need stairs to get at the string of bananas. They clambered up the cage from every angle!

The writer obviously has not been around monkeys. Stairs indeed!

Tue, May 31, 2011 @ 1:08 AM

33. yoyoyo wrote:
you people are stupid... the idea of this even if it isnt an experiment is crazy. it speaks about how the world is today and how people wont do anything because of things that happened in the past. Just like the elephant and the leash. just thinking about the fact that you people think that this isnt true makes me lose faith in society in general.

Wed, June 1, 2011 @ 1:33 AM

34. Eugene wrote:
I liked this story, because it illustrates for me a reason why some people may be held back from achieving their potenial. The hegemony that exists in the circles of society we chose or are forced to associate with, are the cause of extinguished hopes and limited progression. Even though it may or may not be true, used as a metaphor it offers a great teaching tool to expose 'Social Constuctivism'. I probably like it most because I saw myself striving to break free from the peers at my High School which I see now as a hinderance of my progression. Such constructs included the wearing labelled clothing, being afraid to give things a go for fear of mockery or being labelled and never being able to speak out. However now in adulthood I try not to allow myself to be fooled by these things and strive to live my life the way I want. I see a moral in this story which I've interepted as: try not to let people hold you back, including friends. Especially if they don't have a good reason for doing so.

Sun, June 5, 2011 @ 12:22 AM

35. Kisaka wrote:
Sounds like an old story being told by a great granny to young kids ; such as "long time ago , a tortoise was racing with a rabbit and tortosie was the winner of the race " ; reality this is not true & the source of this was believed by the young kids to be from the granny's young age but story intuitively assigned perceived age of granny in the kids minds ; have not seen source or experiment of the monkeys story but huge business units use it to teach their perceptions of business world.

Tue, June 28, 2011 @ 1:02 AM

36. TJTHEDJ wrote:
Well, it seems to be true; not in the exact shape that it took here, but close enough
Below is a quotation from the experiment, in scientific Jargon: (sources cited below)

"Stephenson (1967) trained adult male and female rhesus monkeys to avoid manipulating an object and then placed individual naïve animals in a cage with a trained individual of the same age and sex and the object in question. In one case, a trained male actually pulled his naïve partner away from the previously punished manipulandum during their period of interaction, whereas the other two trained males exhibited what were described as "threat facial expressions while in a fear posture" when a naïve animal approached the manipulandum. When placed alone in the cage with the novel object, naïve males that had been paired with trained males showed greatly reduced manipulation of the training object in comparison with controls. Unfortunately, training and testing were not carried out using a discrimination procedure so the nature of the transmitted information cannot be determined, but the data are of considerable interest."

Sources:
Stephenson, G. R. (1967). Cultural acquisition of a specific learned response among rhesus monkeys. In: Starek, D., Schneider, R., and Kuhn, H. J. (eds.), Progress in Primatology, Stuttgart: Fischer, pp. 279-288.

mentioned in: Galef, B. G., Jr. (1976). Social Transmission of Acquired Behavior: A Discussion of Tradition and Social Learning in Vertebrates. In: Rosenblatt, J.S., Hinde, R.A., Shaw, E. and Beer, C. (eds.), Advances in the study of behavior, Vol. 6, New York: Academic Press, pp. 87-88:

Thu, August 4, 2011 @ 8:18 AM

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